Initiation à CQRS en PHP vanille : séparer commandes et lectures sans framework

1<?php
2// src/Domain/Article.php
3
4final class Article
5{
6    public function __construct(
7        private readonly string $id,
8        private string $title,
9        private string $content,
10        private readonly \DateTimeImmutable $publishedAt,
11    ) {
12    }
13
14    public function id(): string
15    {
16        return $this->id;
17    }
18
19    public function title(): string
20    {
21        return $this->title;
22    }
23
24    public function content(): string
25    {
26        return $this->content;
27    }
28
29    public function publishedAt(): \DateTimeImmutable
30    {
31        return $this->publishedAt;
32    }
33}

1<?php
2// src/Domain/ArticleRepository.php
3
4interface ArticleRepository
5{
6    public function save(Article $article): void;
7
8    /** @return Article[] */
9    public function all(): array;
10}

1<?php
2// src/Application/Command/CreateArticle/CreateArticleCommand.php
3
4final class CreateArticleCommand
5{
6    public function __construct(
7        public readonly string $id,
8        public readonly string $title,
9        public readonly string $content,
10        public readonly string $publishedAt,
11    ) {
12    }
13}

1<?php
2// src/Application/Command/CreateArticle/CreateArticleHandler.php
3
4final class CreateArticleHandler
5{
6    public function __construct(private ArticleRepository $repository)
7    {
8    }
9
10    public function __invoke(CreateArticleCommand $command): void
11    {
12        $article = new Article(
13            $command->id,
14            $command->title,
15            $command->content,
16            new \DateTimeImmutable($command->publishedAt),
17        );
18
19        $this->repository->save($article);
20    }
21}

1<?php
2// src/Application/Query/ListArticles/ListArticlesQuery.php
3
4final class ListArticlesQuery
5{
6}

1<?php
2// src/Application/Query/ListArticles/ListArticlesHandler.php
3
4final class ListArticlesHandler
5{
6    public function __construct(private ArticleRepository $repository)
7    {
8    }
9
10    /** @return array<int, array{id: string, title: string, publishedAt: string}> */
11    public function __invoke(ListArticlesQuery $query): array
12    {
13        return array_map(
14            static fn (Article $article) => [
15                'id' => $article->id(),
16                'title' => $article->title(),
17                'publishedAt' => $article->publishedAt()->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
18            ],
19            $this->repository->all()
20        );
21    }
22}

1<?php
2// src/Infrastructure/InMemoryArticleRepository.php
3
4final class InMemoryArticleRepository implements ArticleRepository
5{
6    /** @var array<string, Article> */
7    private array $storage = [];
8
9    public function save(Article $article): void
10    {
11        $this->storage[$article->id()] = $article;
12    }
13
14    public function all(): array
15    {
16        return array_values($this->storage);
17    }
18}

1<?php
2// src/Application/Bus/CommandBus.php
3
4final class CommandBus
5{
6    /** @param array<class-string, callable> $handlers */
7    public function __construct(private array $handlers)
8    {
9    }
10
11    public function dispatch(object $command): void
12    {
13        $handler = $this->handlers[$command::class] ?? null;
14
15        if ($handler === null) {
16            throw new \RuntimeException('Aucun handler pour ' . $command::class);
17        }
18
19        $handler($command);
20    }
21}

1<?php
2// src/Application/Bus/QueryBus.php
3
4final class QueryBus
5{
6    /** @param array<class-string, callable> $handlers */
7    public function __construct(private array $handlers)
8    {
9    }
10
11    public function ask(object $query): mixed
12    {
13        $handler = $this->handlers[$query::class] ?? null;
14
15        if ($handler === null) {
16            throw new \RuntimeException('Aucun handler pour ' . $query::class);
17        }
18
19        return $handler($query);
20    }
21}

1<?php
2require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
3
4$repository = new InMemoryArticleRepository();
5
6$createHandler = new CreateArticleHandler($repository);
7$listHandler = new ListArticlesHandler($repository);
8
9$commandBus = new CommandBus([
10    CreateArticleCommand::class => $createHandler(...),
11]);
12
13$queryBus = new QueryBus([
14    ListArticlesQuery::class => $listHandler(...),
15]);
16
17$commandBus->dispatch(new CreateArticleCommand(
18    id: uniqid('article_', true),
19    title: 'Premiers pas avec CQRS',
20    content: 'On sépare commandes et lectures en douceur…',
21    publishedAt: '2025-06-05 10:00:00',
22));
23
24$articles = $queryBus->ask(new ListArticlesQuery());
25
26header('Content-Type: application/json');
27echo json_encode($articles, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);